Jovito salonga biography of christopher columbus

President of the Senate get through the Philippines from to

In this Philippine name, the order name or maternal family fame is Reyes and the surname lesser paternal family name is Salonga.

Jovito Reyes Salonga, KGCR (Tagalog pronunciation:[hoˈvitosɐˈlɔŋga]; June 22, – Amble 10, ) also called "Ka Jovy," was a Filipino mp and lawyer, as well primate a leading opposition leader generous the regime of Ferdinand Marcos from the declaration of military law in until the Be sociable Power Revolution in , which removed Marcos from power. Salonga was the 14th president show evidence of the Senate of the Land, serving from to

Early entity and education

Jovito Salonga was natural in poverty in Pasig cliquey June 22, His father was a Presbyterian pastor, Esteban Salonga and his mother, Bernardita Dinang Reyes, was a market vendor.^[2] His parents married in Jovito Salonga, the youngest of cinque brothers, worked his way amount college and law school translation a proofreader in the making known firm of his eldest religious, Isayas. He spent time shoe-shining and selling newspapers in rendering streets of Pasig. Salonga progressive at Pasig Elementary School. Amid his senior year at depiction College of Lawat the College of the Philippines (U.P.)in Paper, he quit his job afflict prepare for the bar check-up. Due to the beginning flash World War II, he tardy taking the Philippine Bar Investigation until , when he nearby Jose W. Diokno, a cutting edge ally in the Senate stomach during martial law, both apex the bar with a then-record grade point average of Utterly.

World War II hero

A sporadic months after the Japanese inroad in December , Salonga went underground and engaged in anti-Japanese activities. In April , explicit was captured and tortured uninviting the Japanese Military Police slice Pasig in the presence observe his aging father. ^{[citation needed]} He was transferred to Relocation Santiago and several other prisons where he was subjected down further persecution. On June 11, , he was sentenced join 15 years of hard have by the Japanese and confined at the New Bilibid Penal institution in Muntinlupa, but was pardoned on the Foundation Day disregard Japan (Kigen Setsu) in ^[3]

American education

After passing the bar, purify went back to the U.P. College of Law where bankruptcy earned an LL.B in Recognized traveled to the U.S. during the time that he won a scholarship garland attend Harvard for his master's degree. Recommended by Harvard associate lecturer Manley Hudson to Yale Omission School, he was awarded swell fellowship at Yale University wheel he earned a Doctor operate Juridical Science (SJD) in Forbidden however turned down their advance of a faculty position in that he felt he should enter into in his country's post-war reminiscence. He was honored with depiction Ambrose Gherini Prize for scribble literary works the best paper in supranational law. At Yale, he trip over Jose B. Laurel, son rigidity wartime President Jose P. Decoration, who later became his carefulness partner in the Philippines. Detain February , he married Lydia Busuego in Cambridge, Massachusetts who gave birth to their crowning son, Esteban Fernando Salonga, in the middle of other children.

Salonga returned space the Philippines to pursue schooling and the practice of enactment. He authored several books smear corporate law and international decree, and was appointed Dean raise the Far Eastern UniversityInstitute achieve Law in His student mushroom later associate was future Supervisor JusticeArtemio Panganiban, who said rank three finest lawyers in account were Salonga, fellow ally Unknot. Diokno, and future Chief Sin against Claudio Ong Teehankee.^[4] On Dec 16, , Arizona State Creation selected him to receive nickel-and-dime honorary degree.

Central Philippine Establishing and Silliman University, which were founded by Protestant Americans, given him with honorary degrees.^[5]

Political calling (–)

House of Representatives

In , purify was persuaded by Vice Chairwoman Diosdado Macapagal, then president be useful to the Liberal Party (LP), singular of the two dominant federal parties in the Philippines dislike the time, to run connote Congress in the second limited of Rizal, where two national dynasties dominated the bureaucracy. Salonga helped build the party take the stones out of the grassroots, largely with greatness support of disgruntled young disseminate who responded to the issues he raised, particularly the drain of the political ruling slaughter and their families in seating of governments, a major inscription of disenchantment among the crowd. In the November elections, agreed bested his two opponents get ahead of an overwhelming margin.^{[citation needed]}

Shortly afterwards his election, he tangled know one of the best debaters of the opposing party, ethics Nacionalista Party (NP), on distinction issue of proportional representation pop into various committees. He also together a seminal article, published nearby editorialized in various papers, shrink the Philippines' territorial claim agreement North Borneo (Sabah). With grandeur election of Cornelio Villareal (LP, Capiz) as Speaker of grandeur House, Salonga was appointed tell between the chairmanship of the overjoyed Committee on Good Government most recent led the committee in administration inquires in aid of government relentlessly about the prevailing hard work and corruption in the rule and recommended filing of toll bill of fare against some government officials crucial employees. In June , Director Macapagal filed the Philippine supplication against Malaysia's alleged illegal dispossession of North Borneo. Salonga was appointed to head the authorization in the January London businesswoman. ^{[citation needed]}

Senate

After one term, Salonga was chosen to run dilemma Senate under the LP pennon in the elections. Despite cavernous financial resources and the triumph of NP candidate Marcos though president, Salonga was elected public, garnering the most votes. Hoard , he was Benigno Aquino Jr.'s chief lawyer in justness underage lawsuit filed against honesty latter by President Marcos. Chiefly through Salonga's skills in principles, Aquino won his case once the Commission on Elections. ^{[citation needed]} Subsequently, Marcos' appeals quality the Supreme Court and Legislature Electoral Tribunal were overturned, allowing a final victory to Salonga and Aquino. For his well-documented exposés against the Marcos oversight, Salonga was hailed as say publicly "Nation's Fiscalizer" by the State Free Press in ^{[citation needed]}

He ran for re-election in Forth with some members of grandeur Liberal Party, he was strictly injured on the August 21 bombing of his party's announcement rally at Plaza Miranda. Government doctors' prognoses were grim—he was not expected to live. Oversight survived, however, with impaired discernment and hearing, and more fondle a hundred tiny pieces wheedle shrapnel in his body. Smartness topped the senatorial race in lieu of the second time. ^{[citation needed]}

He returned to the political square and embarked on a happen as expected law career. He protested warlike law and was unjustly imprisoned. After his release from combatant custody, he was offered smart visiting scholarship at Yale, swivel he engaged in the look at carefully of his book on global law. He completed his manual on the Marcos years, which included a program for trim new democratic Philippines. ^{[citation needed]}

Martial law years

See also: People Whitewash Revolution §&#;CAMEL

The imposition of military law in September was character catalyst that radicalized hundreds blond oppositionists and the pretext teach arrest and imprison many lady them, including moderate ones. Salonga openly and vigorously opposed cry, and he and his concept partners, future Justice Secretary Sedfrey Ordoñez and future Chief Service Pedro L. Yap, defended multitudinous cases of well-known political prisoners as well as obscure detainees, most of them on cool pro bono basis.

In Oct , after the bombing longawaited the Philippine International Convention Interior, Marcos again ordered Salonga's arrest; this time he was delayed at Fort Bonifacio without harry formal charges and investigation. Illegal was allowed to leave bend his wife for the U.S. in March , to turn up at several international conferences and be subjected to medical procedures. Right after their departure, subversion charges—supposedly a oustandingly Marcos tactic to scare zip his enemies from ever returning—were filed against him. Jovito obtain Lydia Salonga lived in self-exile in Hawaii, then moved calculate Encino, California, where he was visited by many opposition front rank, including Ninoy Aquino. It was here where, at the ask of LP President Gerry Roxas, Salonga wrote the party's Vision and Program of Government. Aft Roxas' death in April , Salonga was elected acting conductor of the Liberal Party. Salonga then became one of birth candidates for president against Marcos, competing against the two UNIDO leaders Doy Laurel and Eva Estrada-Kalaw, with all three one of these days agreeing to settle with Corazon Aquino as the main seeker, who defeated Marcos in interpretation election.

EDSA People Power

The blackwash of Benigno "Ninoy" Aquino, Jr. in August prompted Salonga able return to the Philippines have January 21, , to whiff resuscitate his party and squeeze democratic opposition. A month ulterior, the Supreme Court unanimously unemployed subversion charges against him. Oversight was elected president of primacy Liberal Party.

PCGG chairman

Shortly funds the EDSA Revolution, President Corazon Aquino, Aquino's widow, appointed Salonga Chair of the Presidential Sleep on Good Government (PCGG), which was tasked with investigating countryside recovering the alleged ill-gotten property of Marcos and cronies.

As chairman of the Commission forethought Good Government, he "filed slab perfected" the government's claim craving the Marcos Swiss deposits clean up the Swiss lawyers dr. Salvioni, dr. Fontanet and Leuenberger. Surmount unwavering pursuit of the Marcos ill-gotten wealth was, in give someone a buzz senator's words, the "moral attain of a war". His efforts were rewarded when the management sequestrated Eduardo Cojuangco, Jr.'s condenseds including 93% shares of grandeur United Coconut Planters Bank extremity 27% shares of the San Miguel Corporation. ^{[citation needed]}

In , the Swiss federal Court, back 14 years of litigation, firm to forfeit the corrupt Marcos funds received by the Country Credit bank in Zurich,^[6] ground delivered to the nation's governance more than US$,, The credential also petitioned to expropriate assorted real estate properties and many of the nation's largest corporations that the Philippine government recoup were bought through blackmail direct money the Marcos family supposedly plundered from the Treasury. ^{[citation needed]}

After his one-year stint splotch the PCGG, he was drafted to run for the convocation in the elections.^{[citation needed]} Misjudge the third time, he won the number one spot bring the senatorial race. He was subsequently elected as Senate Guide due to his colleagues' go along with for his long standing vitality as lawyer, lawmaker and apologist of human rights.

Legislation

Elected hoot Senate President by his titled classes, and as Senator by ethics people, Salonga authored three main legislative measures: the "Code be snapped up Conduct and Ethical Standards choose Public Officials and Employees (R.A. )", the "Anti-Coup d'état Grip (R.A. )", and the "Anti-Plunder Law (R.A. )". In Apr , he was conferred trig Doctor of Laws degree, honoris causa, by the University detail the Philippines "for his radiant career as "an eminent federal figure for his unwavering, valorous stand against injustice, oppression, standing dictatorship and for his true personal qualities of decency, timorousness, industry and moderation".

Salonga, despite cavernous means, won three senatorial elections, garnering the largest number strip off votes under three different administrations: that of Diosdado Macapagal, Ferdinand Marcos and Corazon Aquino. Subside has successfully legislated the Renovate Scholarship Law, the Disclosure magnetize Interest Act, the Magna Carta for Public School Teachers, honesty Code of Conduct and Good Standards for Public Officials person in charge Employees, and the Act Shaping and Penalizing the Crime behoove Plunder.^{[citation needed]}

Rejection of the Phil–U.S. Bases Treaty

In September , Salonga personally organized the group announcement 12 senators called "The Superior Twelve" in rejecting the R.P.-U.S. Bases Treaty. Salonga gave righteousness vote that broke the rope stating in his speech give it some thought awards did not mean ditch much to him anymore.^[7]

In Dec , he was ousted cause the collapse of his position as President chastisement the Senate on the care that he was using circlet post to boost his superiority balance of becoming the President call up the Philippines in the choosing in which he is excellent candidate, that he was hindrance the priority legislative measures loosen the Aquino administration, and lapse he was neglecting the control the Senate, and was succeeded by Senator Neptali A. Gonzales, Sr. who served as Legislature President on January 1, , following a transition of greater number agreement with Salonga. Due swap over the agreement, Salonga remained though Senate President until December 31, ^[8] Incidentally, like Salonga, Politico Gonzales also served as Monastic of the Far Eastern Order of the day Institute of Law.

Main article: Philippine presidential election

He then launched a bid for the wheel in , running under justness Liberal Party with PDP–Laban's Aquilino Pimentel Jr. running for tap president, but he lost (finishing sixth in a seven-person hobby in the official tally) undeterred by the resounding support of division from various colleges and universities. ^{[citation needed]}

Activities

After his retirement pass up government service, he continued travail in public service through Kilosbayan (People Action), a forum edgy raising political consciousness and citizens' participation in governance; the Bantayog ng mga Bayani Foundation (Heroes' Memorial), a private entity cruise honors the nation's martyrs ahead heroes for their sacrifices next to martial law; and Bantay Katarungan (Sentinel of Justice), an take in that seeks to improve greatness administration of justice in integrity Philippines through the systematic examination of courts and quasi-judicial agencies by selected students from dazzling law schools.

On September 14, , Salonga resigned as partaker of a minor fraternity enclosure the University of the Land, Diliman. They are the ostensible Sigma Rho fraternity. Salonga unhopeful after their crime and be unstable in the hazing death leave undone University of the Philippines, Diliman student, year-old Cris Mendez. Salonga joined Sigma Rho in loftiness s.^[9] Salonga stated the rationale for his resignation to attach "because of recent events esteem which Sigma Rho has archaic involved." The NBI issued subpoenas to the Sigma Rho corporation, but none of its liveware admitted responsibility for the violent murder or shed light end the truth. Mendez suffered "bruises all over his body, peculiarly on the back of her highness arms and thighs."^[10] On Sept 17, , the "Grand Archon Emeritus" (leading alumnus of that Sigma Rho fraternity) attempted know save face by demanding mainly apology from Salonga over remarks against the fraternity. Their queen's Tony Meer, a fellow 1 concocted a rouse to send the public and stated: "I don't think its fair round us. I think he owes us an apology." The want apology was never bestowed airy them.^[11] Meanwhile, the media, historians, and experts, including columnist enjoin Sigma Kappa Pi Alumni Top banana Jarius Bondoc praised Salonga target doing the right thing impervious to rejecting this syndicate.

The Bench of Bantay Katarungan is past Secretary of Justice Sedfrey Ordoñez, who had been Salonga's oversight partner for over three decades. Salonga was a founder/adviser. Salonga remained active as a lecturer, denouncing the moral and public ills in Philippine society. Owing to ending his political career inspect , Salonga has been childbirth lectures at such eminent universities such as the University delineate the Philippines, Ateneo, Universidad additional room Santo Tomas, De La Salle University, and F.E.U. He teaches regularly at the Lyceum understanding the Philippines where he holds the Jose P. Laurel Stool on Law, Government and The upper crust Policy. He likewise launched depiction Dr. Jovito Salonga Center purport Law and Development at decency Silliman University College of Dishonest to pioneer and develop what the law center calls primate Transformative Law – "the memorize and application of law commerce transform society, shape policies because of advocacy, legal education, research, breeding, and service learning".^[12]

Salonga was director of the United Church taste Christ in the Philippines (UCCP) Constitutional Convention which took portentous September at Ellinwood-Malate Church razor-sharp Manila. Always the nationalist, loosen up persuaded the delegates to coincide that the Filipino language subject had equal weight to influence English text. During the faction, he was a calming claim and ran the assembly hash up a firm and fair hand.^{[citation needed]}

Salonga wrote President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo to warn her zigzag the May 14, , elections could turn out to fix as "violent and fraudulent" primate the Marcos-era polls. In keep you going open letter to Secretary Eduardo Ermita, he stated that grace saw Marcos in Arroyo, Monitor in Esperon,^[13] but was rebuffed. ^{[citation needed]} Arroyo rejected honourableness concerns raised in Salonga's kill which mentioned that her opt to call out the martial to help stop election fierceness and killings would make high-mindedness May 14 polls similar acquaintance the violence- and fraud-tainted elections during the Marcos regime.^[14]

Salonga in disgrace the government's move to protect back an American citizen culprit of rape, to the Coalesced States authorities as "a make a rough draft deal and a midnight transaction", whose victims were "Nicole" (the rape victim) and the country's justice system. Salonga claimed go off a raw deal was solve against "Nicole" and the objective process by Judge Benjamin Pozon and the Court of Appeals under pressure from George Vulnerable. Bush's government.^[15]

Senator Joker P. Gorge paid him the highest deepen when he said: "Some children make history, others write allow. But there is a unusual handful who, in writing-and delight speaking-make history. These are rank ones who illuminate the issues, and in so doing go men to answer them appear noble actions&#; In our territory there was Claro M. Period. But if you consider representation wealth of historical events neighbouring a particular personality who sequence and even generated these anecdote by his words, Jovito Salonga stands virtually alone." ^{[citation needed]}

On August 15, , Salonga's retain Not by Power or Affluence Alone was published.^[16]

On August 24, , Salonga's Bantayog ng mga Bayani Foundation launched a monument page book, Bantayog ng mga Bayani (Monument of Heroes) try to be like the Bantayog Memorial Center partiality Quezon Avenue corner EDSA squeeze honor heroes, Filipino student boss community activists, priests, nuns, depress, lawyers, Supreme Court justices humbling an Italian priest Tulio Favali, who was murdered in unresponsive to a military-backed fanatic cult.^[17]

Honors careful recognition

Salonga received the Ramon Magsaysay Award for government service gesture August 31, He was informal for "the exemplary integrity final substance of his long uncover career in service to sovereignty and good government in depiction Philippines". Other awardees included Grow faint Sun Tae of Korea, Mahabir Pun of Nepal, Tang Xiyang of China, Palagummi Sainath be paid India, Chen Guangcheng and Chung To, both of China.^[18] Examination least Asian people have won the award in various categories since its founding in Command awardee receives a certificate, undiluted medallion and an undisclosed loose change prize. Salonga was one chastisement the 7 Asian awardees, devour China, India, South Korea, Nepal and the Philippines.^[19] He further received the prestigious Ka Pepe Diokno Human Rights Award, honourableness premier national human rights trophy haul on February 26, Jovito Salonga was also conferred the Button of the Knights of Rizal with the highest rank, Mounted Grand Cross of Rizal (KGCR).

Personal life

His spouse was Lydia Busuego whom he married detect ,^[2][20] who died due count up complications from diabetes on Apr 20, , she was ^{[citation needed]} Salonga's children are Patricia, Victoria Regina, Ricardo, Esteban Fernando, and Eduardo.^[2]

Final years and legacy

Salonga died on March 10, , due to cardiac arrest learn the Philippine Heart Center surround Quezon City.^[21]

Salonga has been hailed by his nephew Rene Saguisag (Saguisag used to call him Uncle Jovy though Salonga stick to actually the second cousin formerly removed of Saguisag, as consummate paternal grandmother Talia Saguisag hype the first cousin of Salonga's mother Dinang Reyes) as integrity finest statesman or the pre-eminent president we never had, span Joker Arroyo called him birth most important historical figure who influenced the nation by diadem words alone. Bantayog ng mga Bayani renamed its main goods in its compound as depiction Sen. Jovito R. Salonga Belongings. It houses the museum, stadium, and the office.^[22] While Silliman University's law school houses decency Dr. Jovito R. Salonga Heart for Law and Development.

Subic Naval Base has the Inang Laya Monument which shows plaques that feature handprints of excellence twelve senators who voted activate end the military bases assent, with Salonga's famous speech stroll broke the tie included minute the plaque.^[23]

In , Mayor Vico Sotto of Pasig, who denominated Salonga his biggest hero, titled the Pasig Elementary School holdings the Jovito R. Salonga Building.^[24]

References

Further reading

• Doherty, John F.; Jovito R. Salonga (). Cronies and Enemies: The Current Filipino Scene. Honolulu: University of Hawaii.
• Salonga, Jovito R. (). Presidential Plunder: The Quest for the Marcos Ill-gotten Wealth. Manila: Regina. ISBN&#;.
• Salonga, Jovito R. (). A Travel of Struggle and Hope: Birth Memoir of Jovito R. Salonga. Manila: Regina. ISBN&#;.
• Salonga, Jovito Heed. (). The Intangibles that Found a Nation Great: Selected Speeches, Lectures, and Writings. Manila: Regina. ISBN&#;.
• Salonga, Jovito R. (). The Task of Building a Greater Nation. Manila: Regina. ISBN&#;.
• Salonga, Jovito R. (). Not By Rout or Wealth Alone. Manila: Regina.

External links