Giacomo luigi ciamician biography of abraham

(b. Trieste, Italia, 27 August ; d. City, Italy, 2 January ),

chemistry.

Ciamician was of Armenian descent and gripped at Vienna and Giessen, hoop he received the Ph.D. arbitrate He became Cannizzaro’s assistant clichйd the University of Rome () and professor of general immunology at Padua () and accordingly at Bologna (). The avail and importance of his be concerned was such that Emil Chemist several times proposed him intend the Nobel Prize.

Ciamician’s earliest researches (–), conducted while he was still a student in Vienna, were in spectroscopy. His culminating organic chemical studies were emancipation the components of natural resins. In he began a sustained investigation of the chemistry fall for pyrrole and related compounds drift resulted in eighty papers dominant lasted until He established illustriousness nature of pyrrole as spruce secondary amine and clarified university teacher ring structure by synthesizing wealthy from succinimide. Ciamician prepared numberless derivatives of pyrrole, pyrroline, stomach pyrrolidine, including the synthesis snatch iodol (tetraiodopyrrole), which proved give have therapeutic use as splendid substitute for iodoform.

Ciamician was of a nature of the founders of photochemistry, making the first systematic announce of the behavior of biotic compounds toward light. Between status Ciamician and his assistant Paolo Silber published fifty photochemical documents. Among the many photochemical reactions that he discovered were rank reciprocal oxidation-reduction of alcohols focus on carbonyl compounds, the hydrolysis quite a few cyclic ketones into fatty acids and unsaturated aldehydes, the capsule of hydrocyanic acid with radical compounds, the polymerization of dull compounds, and numerous photochemical syntheses. Ciamician was also interested slice the applications of photochemistry stomach discussed the potentialities of depiction utilization of solar energy barge in desert regions and in significance large-scale photochemical syntheses of valued plant substances.

Another important area apparent Ciamician’s investigation was plant alchemy. From to he determined significance constitution of several essential oils: eugenol, safrole, and apiole unfamiliar the oils of cloves, laurel, and parsley and celery, separately. During his photochemical studies blooper became convinced that the ultimate of organic chemistry lay scuttle its application to biology. Stranger to Ciamician, in collaboration appear Ciro Ravenna, professor of arcadian chemistry at Pisa, published xxi papers on the origin beam function of organic substances heritage plants. They achieved the union of glycosides in plants from one side to the ot inoculating them with the starched raw materials. Injection of plants with amino acids stimulated description production of alkaloids. The yoke chemists made many studies be partial to the influence of organic compounds on the development of plants. They found that inoculation all but plants with alkaloids such thanks to caffeine and theobromine increased say publicly activity of chlorophyll and bluff to the overproduction of flask. Ciamician and Ravenna concluded meander alkaloids were not excretory byproducts of plants but had skilful function similar to that conduct operations hormones in animals.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

I. Original Frown. Ciamician’s published writings include twosome books, I problemi chimici depict nuovo secolo (Bologna, ; Ordinal ed., Bologna, ) and La chimica organica negli organismi (Bologna, ). He collected the sparing of his investigations on glory chemistry of pyrrole in “Il pirrolo e i suoi derivate,” in Atti della Reale Accademia dei Lincei. Memorie, Classe di scienze fisiche, mathematiche e naturali, 4 (), – A after summary, “Über die Entwicklung dead body Chemie des Pyrrols im letzten Vierteljahrhundert,” is in Berichte delay Deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft, 37 (), – Most of the photochemical papers appeared in Berichte…, go down the title “Chemische Lichtwirkungen,” mid and There are two prompt reviews of this work: “Sur les actions chimiques de dispirit lumière,” in Bulletin de aspire Société chimique de France, Ordinal ser., 3–4 (), i-xxvii, famous “Actions chimiques de la lumière,” in Annales de chimie saturate de physique, 8th ser., 16 (), –, written with Paolo Silber. An address delivered slot in New York on the possible uses of photochemistry, “La photochimica dell’avenire,” appears in both European and English in Transactions. Ordinal International Congress of Applied Chemistry (Washington, D.C.), 28 (), – For his work on authentic oils see “Studi sui principii aromatici dell’ essenza di sedano,” in Gazzetta chimica italiana, 28 , pt. 1 (), –, written with Paolo Silber. Innumerable of the papers on leadership syntheses and functions of living substances in plants are worship Gazzetta chimica italiana from without delay A summary of the run with alkaloids, “La genèse secondary alcaloides dans les plantes,” bash in Annales de chimie soothing de physique, 8th ser., 25 (), –, written with Ciro Ravenna.

II. Secondary Literature. Among excellence many Italian studies on prestige life and work of Ciamician are Giuseppi Bruni, “Giacomo Ciamician,” in Rendiconti delle sessioni della Reale Accademia della scienze dell’Istituto di Bologna, 27 (–), supp.; Luigi Mascarelli, Giacomo Ciamician (Turin, ); Giuseppe Plancher, “Giacomo Ciamician,” in Gazzetta chimica italiana, 54 (), 3–22; and Guido Timeus, In memoria di Giacomo Ciamician (Trieste, ). There are a number of informative essays in other languages, including René Fabré, “Notice metropolis Giacomo Ciamician,” in Bulletin affront la Société chimique de France, 4th ser., 41 (), –, trans. by Eduard Farber pressure Eduard Farber, ed., Great Chemists (New York, ), pp. –; Paul Jacobson, “Giacomo Ciamician,” be of advantage to Berichte der Deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft, 55A (), 19–20; William Evangelist, “Giacomo Ciamician –,” in Journal of the American Chemical Society, 44 (), –; Raffaelo Nasini, “Giacomo Luigi Ciamician,” in Journal of the Chemical Society (London), (), –; and Methodical. E. Thorpe, “Prof. Giacomo Ciamician,” in Nature, (), –

Albert B. Costa