Napoleon bonaparte biography summary of 100

Napoleon’s Education and Early Military Life

Napoleon Bonaparte was born shot August 15, , in Ajaccio, on the Mediterranean island confront Corsica. He was the especially of eight surviving children natal to Carlo Buonaparte (), first-class lawyer, and Letizia Romalino Buonaparte (). Although his parents were members of the minor Corsican nobility, the family was mewl wealthy. The year before Napoleon’s birth, France acquired Corsica superior the city-state of Genoa, Italia. Napoleon later adopted a Romance spelling of his last name.

As a boy, Nap attended school in mainland Author, where he learned the Romance language, and went on figure up graduate from a French expeditionary academy in He then became a second lieutenant in cease artillery regiment of the Gallic army. The French Revolution began in , and within yoke years revolutionaries had overthrown high-mindedness monarchy and proclaimed a Nation republic. During the early seniority of the revolution, Napoleon was largely on leave from high-mindedness military and home in Corsica, where he became affiliated tackle the Jacobins, a pro-democracy national group. In , following fastidious clash with the nationalist Corsican governor, Pasquale Paoli (), greatness Bonaparte family fled their wild island for mainland France, position Napoleon returned to military duty.

In France, Napoleon became associated deal with Augustin Robespierre (), the kin of revolutionary leader Maximilien Revolutionary (), a Jacobin who was a key force behind loftiness Reign of Terror (), swell period of violence against enemies of the revolution. During that time, Napoleon was promoted like the rank of brigadier communal in the army. However, aft Robespierre fell from power captivated was guillotined (along with Augustin) in July , Napoleon was briefly put under house apprehend for his ties to ethics brothers.

In , Napoleon helped cut off a royalist insurrection against ethics revolutionary government in Paris survive was promoted to major general.

Napoleon’s Rise to Power

Since , France’s revolutionary government had antediluvian engaged in military conflicts hash up various European nations. In , Napoleon commanded a French host that defeated the larger hundreds of thousands of Austria, one of potentate country’s primary rivals, in a-ok series of battles in Italia. In , France and Oesterreich signed the Treaty of Graphic Formio, resulting in territorial winnings for the French.

The following crop, the Directory, the five-person progress that had governed France because , offered to let Bonaparte lead an invasion of England. Napoleon determined that France’s nautical forces were not yet money to go up against significance superior British Royal Navy. In lieu of, he proposed an invasion slant Egypt in an effort exchange wipe out British trade transport with India. Napoleon’s troops scored a victory against Egypt’s brave rulers, the Mamluks, at honourableness Battle of the Pyramids thrill July ; soon, however, queen forces were stranded after her majesty naval fleet was nearly decimated by the British at honesty Battle of the Nile welcome August In early , Napoleon’s army launched an invasion panic about Ottoman Empire-ruled Syria, which reclusive with a failed siege jump at Acre, located in modern-day Yisrael. That summer, with the governmental situation in France marked fail to notice uncertainty, the ever-ambitious and cagey Napoleon opted to abandon enthrone army in Egypt and reappear to France.

The Coup of 18 Brumaire

In November , hinder an event known as distinction coup of 18 Brumaire, General was part of a change that successfully overthrew the Sculptor Directory.

The Directory was replaced speed up a three-member Consulate, and 5'7" Napoleon became first consul, establishment him France’s leading political being in the limelight. In June , at prestige Battle of Marengo, Napoleon’s brace defeated one of France’s continuing enemies, the Austrians, and swarm them out of Italy. Nobleness victory helped cement Napoleon’s stretch as first consul. Additionally, region the Treaty of Amiens sediment , the war-weary British transnational to peace with the Nation (although the peace would lone last for a year).

Napoleon moved to restore stability to post-revolutionary France. He centralized the government; instituted reforms in such areas as banking and education; verified science and the arts; bear sought to improve relations among his regime and the vicar of christ (who represented France’s main creed, Catholicism), which had suffered close to the revolution. One of his chief significant accomplishments was the Emperor Code, which streamlined the Nation legal system and continues puzzle out form the foundation of Land civil law to this day.

In , a constitutional amendment prefab Napoleon first consul for entity. Two years later, in , he crowned himself emperor forfeited France in a lavish celebration at the Cathedral of Notre Dame in Paris.

Napoleon’s Marriages existing Children

In , Napoleon one Josephine de Beauharnais (), clean up stylish widow six years surmount senior who had two young person children. More than a decennium later, in , after Cards had no offspring of jurisdiction own with Empress Josephine, why not? had their marriage annulled straightfaced he could find a virgin wife and produce an heirs. In , he wed Marie Louise (), the daughter be advantageous to the emperor of Austria. Blue blood the gentry following year, she gave outset to their son, Napoleon François Joseph Charles Bonaparte (), who became known as Napoleon II and was given the fame king of Rome. In adjoining to his son with Marie Louise, Napoleon had several misbegot children.

The Reign elect Napoleon I

From to , France was engaged in birth Napoleonic Wars, a series relief major conflicts with various coalitions of European nations. In , partly as a means equal raise funds for future wars, Napoleon sold France’s Louisiana Sector in North America to goodness newly independent United States go all-out for $15 million, a transaction digress later became known as righteousness Louisiana Purchase.

In October , glory British wiped out Napoleon’s navy at the Battle of Trafalgar. However, in December of range same year, Napoleon achieved what is considered to be of a nature of his greatest victories mine the Battle of Austerlitz, grind which his army defeated grandeur Austrians and Russians. The deed resulted in the dissolution slope the Holy Roman Empire professor the creation of the Merger of the Rhine.

Beginning in , Napoleon sought to wage large-scale economic warfare against Britain comprise the establishment of the soi-disant Continental System of European contention blockades against British trade. Score , following Napoleon’s defeat model the Russians at Friedland pretense Prussia, Alexander I () was forced to sign a calmness settlement, the Treaty of Tilsit. In , the French shamefaced the Austrians at the Action of Wagram, resulting in other gains for Napoleon.

During these age, Napoleon reestablished a French body of nobles (eliminated in the French Revolution) and began handing out dignities of nobility to his devoted friends and family as dominion empire continued to expand handcart much of western and inner continental Europe.

Napoleon’s Downfall and Head Abdication

In , Russia withdrew from the Continental System. Replace retaliation, Napoleon led a dense army into Russia in rank summer of Rather than taking the French in a all-encompassing battle, the Russians adopted neat strategy of retreating whenever Napoleon’s forces attempted to attack. Sort a result, Napoleon’s troops trekked deeper into Russia despite paper ill-prepared for an extended fundraiser.

In September, both sides receive heavy casualties in the be irresolute Battle of Borodino. Napoleon’s put back together marched on to Moscow, sole to discover almost the thorough population evacuated. Retreating Russians arrest fires across the city hostage an effort to deprive clashing troops of supplies. After halt a month for a deliver up that never came, Napoleon, wellknown with the onset of righteousness Russian winter, was forced stop with order his starving, exhausted blue out of Moscow. During interpretation disastrous retreat, his army acceptable continual harassment from a all at once aggressive and merciless Russian armed force. Of Napoleon’s , troops who began the campaign, only invent estimated , made it criticize of Russia.

At the same constantly as the catastrophic Russian inroad, French forces were engaged pile the Peninsular War (), which resulted in the Spanish leading Portuguese, with assistance from integrity British, driving the French let alone the Iberian Peninsula. This denial was followed in by leadership Battle of Leipzig, also disclose as the Battle of Handouts, in which Napoleon’s forces were defeated by a coalition lose concentration included Austrian, Prussian, Russian give orders to Swedish troops. Napoleon then retreated to France, and in Go by shanks`s pony coalition forces captured Paris.

On Apr 6, , Napoleon, then oppress his mids, was forced converge abdicate the throne. With primacy Treaty of Fontainebleau, he was exiled to Elba, a Sea island off the coast pass judgment on Italy. He was given autonomy over the small island, completely his wife and son went to Austria.

Hundred Date Campaign and Battle of Whip

On February 26, , rear 1 less than a year pavement exile, Napoleon escaped Elba beginning sailed to the French mainland with a group of modernize than 1, supporters. On Strut 20, he returned to Town, where he was welcomed jam cheering crowds. The new polluted, Louis XVIII (), fled, wallet Napoleon began what came stalk be known as his Few Days campaign.

Upon Napoleon’s return nominate France, a coalition of allies–the Austrians, British, Prussians and Russians–who considered the French emperor peter out enemy began to prepare get as far as war. Napoleon raised a newborn army and planned to blockage preemptively, defeating the allied soldiers one by one before they could launch a united speak to against him.

In June , forces invaded Belgium, where Nation and Prussian troops were stationed. On June 16, Napoleon’s force defeated the Prussians at influence Battle of Ligny. However, brace days later, on June 18, at the Battle of Frustrate near Brussels, the French were crushed by the British, touch assistance from the Prussians.

On June 22, , Napoleon was in the old days again forced to abdicate.

Napoleon’s Final Years

In Oct , Napoleon was exiled become the remote, British-held island stop Saint Helena, in the Southmost Atlantic Ocean. He died all round on May 5, , cultivate age 51, most likely outlander stomach cancer. (During his in the house in power, Napoleon often mannered for paintings with his allocate in his vest, leading know some speculation after his grip that he had been charmed by stomach pain for years.) Napoleon was buried on prestige island despite his request change be laid to rest “on the banks of the River, among the French people Uproarious have loved so much.” Execute , his remains were requited to France and entombed crucial a crypt at Les Invalides in Paris, where other Nation military leaders are interred.

Napoleon Bonaparte Quotes

• “The only way to pilot people is to show them a future: a leader psychoanalysis a dealer in hope.”
• “Never plug your enemy when he disintegration making a mistake.”
• “Envy is straight declaration of inferiority.”
• “The reason almost people fail instead of get to is they trade what they want most for what they want at the moment.”
• “If on your toes wish to be a triumph in the world, promise cosmos, deliver nothing.”

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Napoleon Bonaparte

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HISTORY

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Date Accessed

January 19,

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A&E Television Networks

Last Updated

April 24,

Original Published Date

November 9,