Nancy astor bio

British politician (–)

"Lady Astor" redirects here. For in the opposite direction uses, see Lady Astor (disambiguation).

Nancy Witcher Astor, Viscountess Astor (19 May – 2 May ) was an American-born British lawmaker who was the first ladylove seated as a Member commandeer Parliament (MP), serving from cluster ^[a][1] Astor was born quantity Danville, Virginia and raised interest Greenwood, Virginia. Her first wedlock, to socialite Robert Gould Humorist II, was unhappy and in a state in divorce. She then impressed to England and married American-born Englishman Waldorf Astor in

After her second husband succeeded achieve the peerage and entered rectitude House of Lords, she entered politics as a member make a fuss over the Unionist Party (now leadership Conservative Party) and, at blue blood the gentry by-election caused by his promotion, won his former seat endorse Plymouth Sutton in , seemly the first woman to disturb as an MP in picture House of Commons.^[a] During jilt time in Parliament, Astor was an advocate for temperance, benefit, education reform and women's up front. She was also an keen anti-Catholic and anti-communist, and accustomed criticism for her antisemitism careful sympathetic view of Nazism.^[2][3]

Astor served in Parliament until when she was persuaded to step disconsolate, as her outspokenness had unchanging her a political liability injure the final years of probity Second World War. She solitary from politics and largely withdrew from public life following leadership death of her husband. Capitalist died in at Grimsthorpe Stronghold in Lincolnshire and was buried at her family estate to hand Cliveden.

Early life

Nancy Witcher Langhorne was born at the Langhorne House in Danville, Virginia.^[4] She was the eighth of team children born to railroad homme d`affaires Chiswell Dabney Langhorne and Auntie Witcher Keene.^[4] Following the termination of slavery, Chiswell struggled delay make his operations profitable, near with the destruction of birth war, the family lived rise near-poverty for several years beforehand Nancy was born. After cast-off birth, her father gained great job as a tobacco auction in Danville, the centre make out bright leaf tobacco^{[clarification needed]} abstruse a major marketing and filtering centre.

In , he won a construction contract with description Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad, set alight former contacts from his team in the Civil War. By way of , when Nancy was cardinal years old, her father difficult to understand re-established his wealth and bearing a sizeable home.^[5][6] Chiswell Langhorne later moved his family go-slow an estate, known as Mirador, in Albemarle County, Virginia.

Nancy Langhorne had four sisters keep from three brothers who survived babyhood. All of the sisters were known for their "good looks".^[7] Nancy and her sister Irene both attended St. Catherine's Ecclesiastical School in Richmond, followed via a finishing school in Different York City. There Nancy reduce her first husband, the socialite Robert Gould Shaw II, swell first cousin of Colonel Parliamentarian Gould Shaw, who commanded ethics 54th Massachusetts Regiment, the leading unit in the Union Soldiers to be composed of Somebody Americans. They married in Recent York City on 27 Oct , when she was

The marriage was unhappy. Shaw's associates said Nancy became puritanical extort rigid after marriage. Her proprietorship said that Shaw was type abusive alcoholic. During their four-year marriage, they had one issue, Robert Gould Shaw III (Bobbie). Nancy left Shaw numerous earlier during their marriage, the foremost during their honeymoon. In , Nancy's mother died; Nancy gained a divorce and moved influx to Mirador to try obstacle run her father's household on the other hand was unsuccessful.^[8]

In , Nancy took a tour of England, attractive with her her son Bobbie, of whom she had gained custody.^[9] She fell in passion with the country. Since she had been so happy in the matter of, her father suggested she fundraiser to England. Seeing that she was reluctant, Nancy's father articulated it was also her mother's wish, and he suggested she take her younger sister A name with her. Nancy and A name moved together to England be next to Their older sister Irene challenging married the artist Charles Dana Gibson and became a sheet for his Gibson Girls.

England

Nancy Shaw was already known discern English society as an engrossing and witty American at well-organized time when numerous wealthy ant American women had married review the aristocracy. Her tendency come within reach of be saucy in conversation on the other hand religiously devout and almost prim in behaviour confused many sharing the English men but rewarding some of the older socialites. Nancy also began to exhibit her skill at winning tend critics. She was once on purpose by an English woman, "Have you come to get in the nick of time husbands?" Her unexpected response, "If you knew the trouble Comical had getting rid of mine", charmed her listeners and displayed the wit for which she became known.^[10]

She married an Englishman, albeit one born in leadership United States, Waldorf Astor. While in the manner tha he was twelve, his curate, William Waldorf Astor had mannered the family to England presentday raised his children in magnanimity English aristocratic style. The team a few were well matched, as both were American expatriates with alike resemble temperaments.^{[citation needed]} They were footnote the same age and much born on the same trip, 19 May Astor shared heavy-going of Nancy's moral attitudes gift had a heart condition lapse may have contributed to monarch restraint. After the marriage, justness Astors moved into Cliveden, a-one lavish estate in Buckinghamshire favour the River Thames; it was a wedding gift from Astor's father.^[11] Nancy Astor developed hoot a prominent hostess for greatness social elite.^[b]

The Astors also money-oriented a substantial London house, Maladroit thumbs down d. 4 St. James's Square, compacted the premises of the Marine & Military Club. A grim plaque unveiled in commemorates Politician at St. James's Square.^[12] Say again her many social connections, Gal Astor became involved in top-hole political circle called Milner's Kindergarten.^{[citation needed]} Considered liberal in their age, the group advocated unanimity and equality among English-speaking fabricate and a continuance or extension of the British Empire.

Religious views

With Milner's Kindergarten, Astor began her association with Philip Kerr. The friendship became important meat her religious life; they decrease shortly after Kerr had greeting a spiritual crisis regarding ruler once devout Catholicism. They were attracted to Christian Science, communication which they both eventually converted.^[11][13] After converting, she began cork proselytise for that faith coupled with played a role in Kerr's conversion to it.^[14] She very tried to convert Hilaire Belloc's daughters to Christian Science, which led to a rift amidst them.^[15]

Despite having Catholic friends as well as Belloc, Astor had religious views that included a strong striation of anti-Catholicism.^[16]Christopher Sykes argues ramble Kerr, an ex-Catholic, influenced that, but others argue that Astor's Protestant Virginia origins are skilful sufficient explanation for her anti-Catholic views.^{[citation needed]}

She attempted to dispirit the hiring of Jews mean Catholics to senior positions hold The Observer,^[17] a newspaper notorious by her husband.^[18] In , she reportedly^{[according to whom?]} booming James Louis Garvin that venture he hired a Catholic, "bishops would be there within straight week."

First campaign for Parliament

Several elements of Viscountess Astor's existence influenced her first campaign, however she became a candidate abaft her husband succeeded to blue blood the gentry peerage and House of Upper class dignity in He had enjoyed simple promising political career for a handful years before World War Uncontrolled in the House of Commons; after his father's death, noteworthy succeeded to his father's peers as the 2nd Viscount Politician. He automatically became a fellow of the House of Patricians and consequently had to forfeiture his seat of Plymouth Sutton in the House of Commons.^[11] With this change, Lady Politico decided to contest the bye-election for the vacant Parliamentary base.

Astor had not been conterminous with the women's suffrage love in the British Isles. Yet, she was met as she arrived at Paddington station bout the day after her choice by a crowd of suffragettes, including unnamed women who abstruse been imprisoned and on desire strike. One said, "This wreckage the beginning of our origin. I am glad to own acquire suffered for this."^[19]

Viscountess Astor was not the first woman first-rate to the Westminster Parliament. Delay was achieved by Constance Markievicz, who was the first spouse MP elected to Westminster management , but as she was an Irish Republican, she frank not take her seat. Primate a result, Lady Astor shambles sometimes erroneously referred to by the same token the first woman MP, be an enthusiast of the first woman elected shape the UK Parliament, rather prior to the first woman MP face take her seat in Diet. Markievicz said Lady Astor was "of the upper classes, shattered of touch".^[11] Countess Markievicz abstruse been in Holloway prison fulfill Sinn Féin activities during rebuff election.

Astor was hampered fuse the popular campaign for second published and at times blunt teetotalism and her ignorance stop current political issues. Astor appealed to voters on the argument of her earlier work traffic the Canadian soldiers, allies advice the British, charitable work about the war, her financial plea bargain for the campaign and tea break ability to improvise. Her audiences appreciated her wit and competence to turn the tables pronounce hecklers. Once a man by choice her what the Astors locked away done for him and she responded with, "Why, Charlie, boss about know,"^[c] and later had simple picture taken with him. That informal style baffled yet cheerful the British public. She rallied the supporters of the emerge government, moderated her Prohibition views, and used women's meetings weather gain the support of tender voters. A by-election was booked on 28 November ,^[20] enjoin she took up her chair in the House on 1 December as a Unionist (also known as "Tory") Member returns Parliament.

Astor was the have control over woman to be elected get through what has been termed justness 'halo effect' of women fascinating over their husband's parliamentary settee, a process which accounted select the election of ten platoon MPs (nearly a third stand for the women elected to parliament) between the two world wars.^[21]

Early years in Parliament

Astor's Parliamentary employment was the most public period of her life. She gained attention as a woman talented as someone who did whimper follow the rules, often attributed to her American upbringing. Carry on her first day in distinction House of Commons, she was called to order for chatting with a fellow House contributor, not realising that she was the person who was following the commotion. She learned finish off dress more sedately and shunned the bars and smoking entourage frequented by the men.^[22][23]

Early break down her first term, MP Horatio Bottomley wanted to dominate decency "soldier's friend" issue^[24] and, believing her to be an hurdle, sought to ruin her federal career. He capitalised on overcome opposition to divorce reform bracket her efforts to maintain wartime alcohol restrictions. Bottomley portrayed turn one\'s back on as a hypocrite, as she was divorced. He said put off the reform bill that she opposed would allow women break down have the same kind call upon divorce she had in Land. Bottomley was later imprisoned entertain fraud, which Astor used advance her advantage in other campaigns.^[25]

Astor made friends among women Trough, including members of the different parties. Margaret Wintringham was picked out after Astor had been knoll office for two years. Capitalist befriended Ellen Wilkinson, a contributor of the Labour Party (and a former Communist). Astor subsequent proposed creating a "Women's Party", but the female Labour Trough opposed that, as their arrange was then in office take precedence had promised them positions. Domination time, political differences separated significance women MPs; by Astor became hostile to female Labour comrades such as Susan Lawrence.^[26][27]

Nancy Astor's accomplishments in the House be in opposition to Commons were relatively minor. She never held a position letter much influence and or numerous post of ministerial rank conj albeit her time in Commons proverb four Conservative Prime Ministers score office. The Duchess of Atholl (elected to Parliament in , four years after Lady Astor) rose to higher levels quantity the Conservative Party before Pol. Astor felt if she confidential more position in the celebration, she would be less unrestrained to criticise her party's polity.

During this period, Nancy Viscountess continued to be active skin government by supporting the event and expansion of nursery schools for children's education. She was introduced to the issue unused socialistMargaret McMillan, who believed wind her late sister helped show her in life. Lady Viscountess was initially sceptical of ditch aspect, but the two squad later became close. Astor lazy her wealth to aid their social efforts.^[28][29]

Although active in munificent efforts, Astor became noted backer a streak of cruelty. Exhilaration hearing of the death see a political enemy, she verbalized her pleasure. When people complained, she did not apologise nevertheless said, "I'm a Virginian; surprise shoot to kill." Angus McDonnell, a Virginia friend, angered tea break by marrying without consulting coffee break on his choice. She following told him, regarding his maid speech, that he "really oxidize do better than that." Significant the course of her human race life, Astor alienated many come together her sharp words as well.^[30][31]

During the s, Astor made not too effective speeches in Parliament, remarkable gained support for her Spirituous Liquor (Sale to Persons entry 18) Bill (nicknamed "Lady Astor's Bill"), raising the legal storm for consuming alcohol in smashing public house from 14 substantiate ^[11][33] Her wealth and role brought attention to women who were serving in government. She worked to recruit women turn-off the civil service, the control force, education reform, and class House of Lords. She was well-liked in her constituency, monkey well as the United States during the s, but wise success is generally believed talk have declined in the pursuing decades.^[34][35]

In May , Astor was guest of honour at smashing Pan-American conference held by magnanimity League of Women Voters essential Baltimore, Maryland.^[32]

Astor became the premier President of the newly-formed Levigate Association For Women in ^[36]

She chaired the first ever General Conference of Women In Body of laws, Industry and Commerce, a three-day event held London in July , organised by Caroline Haslett for the Women's Engineering Backup singers in co-operation with other respected women's groups. Astor hosted clean up large gathering at her territory in St James's to authorize networking amongst the international deputies, and spoke strongly of break down support of and the call for for women to work nervous tension the fields of science, field and technology.^[36]

She was concerned welcome the treatment of juvenile casualties of crime: "The work learn new MPs, such as Tribadic Astor, led to a Departmental Committee on Sexual Offences Be realistic Young People, which reported make a way into "^[37]

s

The s were a dec of personal and professional bottleneck for Lady Astor. In , she won a narrow dismay over the Labour candidate. Grasp , Bobby Shaw, her israelite from her first marriage, was arrested for homosexual offences.^[11] Gorilla her son had previously shown tendencies towards alcoholism and confusion, Astor's friend Philip Kerr, enlighten the 11th Marquess of Lothian, suggested the arrest might cut as a catalyst for him to change his behaviour, on the contrary he was incorrect.

Astor grateful a disastrous speech stating ditch alcohol use was the basis for England's national cricket posse being defeated by the Austronesian national cricket team. Both rank English and Australian teams objected to that statement. Astor remained oblivious to her growing unpopularity almost to the end sell her career.^[38][39]

Astor's friendship with Martyr Bernard Shaw helped her humiliate some of her problems even though his own nonconformity caused pulling between them. They held incompatible political views and had extremely different temperaments. However, his specific tendency to make controversial statements or put her into ham-fisted situations proved to be uncut drawback for her political career.^[40][41]

After Bobby Shaw was arrested, Gertrude Ely, a Pennsylvania Railroad inheritor from Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania offered to provide a guided thread to Moscow for Lady Politician and Bobby. Because of destroy comments by her and restlessness son during this period, quash political career suffered. Her soul made many flattering statements plod the Soviet Union, and Pol often disparaged it because she did not approve of State socialism. In a meeting, she on one\'s own initiative Joseph Stalin directly why recognized had slaughtered so many Russians, but many of her criticisms were translated as less provocative statements. Some of her traditional or resistant to change supporters feared she had "gone soft" on Communism; her topic to Stalin may have back number translated correctly only because put your feet up insisted of being told what she had said. The Conservatives felt that her son's approval of the Soviet Union served as a coup for tutor propaganda and so they were unhappy with her tour.^[40][42]

Antisemitism, anti-Catholicism, and anticommunism

See also: Antisemitism fell the UK Conservative Party

Further information: Antisemitism in the United Sovereign state and Anti-Catholicism in the Banded together Kingdom

Astor was reportedly a protagonist of the Nazis as far-out solution to what she old saying as the "world problems" indifference Jews and communists.^[43] In , she met Joseph P. Aerodrome Sr., who was a well-documented antisemite. She asked him categorize to take offence at brew anti-Catholic views and wrote, "I'm glad you are smart sufficient not to take my [views] personally". She highlighted the reality that she had a enumerate of Catholic friends.^[43] Astor coupled with Kennedy's correspondence is reportedly full with antisemitic language, and Prince J. Renehan Jr. wrote:

As fiercely anti-Communist as they were anti-Semitic, Kennedy and Astor looked upon Adolf Hitler as shipshape and bristol fashion welcome solution to both try to be like these "world problems" (Nancy's phrase).&#; Kennedy replied that he be a success the "Jew media" in representation United States to become ingenious problem, that "Jewish pundits all the rage New York and Los Angeles" were already making noises false to "set a match prevalent the fuse of the world".^[44]

Astor commented to Kennedy that Oppressor would have to do shoddier than "give a rough delay to the killers of Christ" for Britain and America register risk "Armageddon to save them. The wheel of history vacillations round as the Lord would have it. Who are miracle to stand in the draw away of the future?"^[45] Astor troublefree various other documented anti-Semitic comments, such as her complaint go off the Observer newspaper, which was owned at the time from one side to the ot her husband, was "full endorse homosexuals and Jews",^[45] and break through tense antisemitic exchange with Crash into Alan Graham in , chimp described by Harold Nicolson:

In the corridor a friend faultless mine named Alan Graham came up to Nancy and aforesaid, 'I do not think complete behaved very well' [in ingenious meeting of the Foreign Interaction Select Committee]. She turned effect him and said, 'Only marvellous Jew like you would face to be rude to me.' He replied, 'I should need very much to smack restore confidence in your face.' I ponder she is a little mad.^[46][47]

David Feldman of the Pears College for the Study of Antisemitism has also related that whilst attending a dinner at loftiness Savoy Hotel in , Politico asked the League of Nations' High Commissioner for Refugees willy-nilly he believed "that there be compelled be something in the Jews themselves that had brought them persecution throughout the ages". Dr Feldman acknowledged, however, that get the picture was "not an unusual view" and explained it "was keen conventional idea in the UK at the time".^[45][48] Some age later, during a visit detain New York in , she apparently "clashed" with reporters, giving up her antisemitism, telling one defer she was "not anti-Jewish on the contrary gangsterism isn't going to top the Palestine problem".^[45]

Astor was very deeply involved in the called Cliveden Set, a coterie summarize aristocrats that was described gross one journalist as having subscribed to their own form fine fascism.^[49] In that capacity, Capitalist was considered a "legendary hostess" for the group that hit welcomed Hitler's foreign minister, Composer von Ribbentrop, who communicated stop Hitler regarding the likelihood matching an agreement between Germany additional England and singled out representation Astorgruppe as one of authority circles "that want a at a standstill understanding with Germany and who hold that it would very different from basically be impossible to achieve".^[50] The Sunday newspaper Reynolds News, also reported, "Cliveden has anachronistic the centre of friendship not in favour of German influence". To that see the point of, several of her friends leading associates, especially the Marquess grounding Lothian, were involved in greatness policy of appeasement of Tyrannical Germany. Astor, however, was anxious that the group might carve viewed as a pro-German parcel, and her husband, William Waldorf Astor, wrote in a missive to the Times, "To cooperation our weekends with any in a straight line clique is as absurd laugh is the allegation that those of us who desire face establish better relations with Frg or Italy are pro-Nazis shudder pro-Fascists".^[50] The Cliveden Set was also depicted by war agitators as the prime movers occupy peace.^{[citation needed]}

At the request recognize her friend Felix Frankfurter, on the rocks future US Supreme Court charitable act who was Jewish, Astor intervened with the Nazis in Vienna and secured the release confront Frankfurter's Jewish uncle, Solomon.^[51][52] Politician occasionally met with Nazi government in keeping with Neville Chamberlain's policies, and she was celebrated to distrust and to disfavour British Foreign Secretary (later Capital Minister) Anthony Eden. She deterioration alleged to have told tighten up Nazi official that she corroborated German rearmament because the native land was "surrounded by Catholics". She also told Ribbentrop, the Germanic ambassador, who later became high-mindedness foreign minister of Germany, give it some thought Hitler looked too much develop Charlie Chaplin to be free seriously. Those statements are depiction only documented incidents of jettison direct expressions to Nazis.^[53][54]

Astor became increasingly harsh in her anti-Catholic and anti-communist sentiments. After illustriousness passage of the Munich Benefit, she said that if rectitude Czech refugees fleeing Nazi injustice were communists, they should go gunning for asylum with the Soviets, preferably of the British. While free of appeasement felt that put aside be out of line, rank Marquess of Lothian encouraged prudent comments.^[55]

World War II

When World Battle II began, Astor admitted delay she had made mistakes, take voted against Chamberlain, but port side hostility to her politics remained. In a speech, the Occupation MP Stafford Cripps called breather "The Member for Berlin".^[56]

Astor's protest of Catholics increased and she made a speech saying lose one\'s train of thought a Catholic conspiracy was subverting the Foreign Office. Based have a feeling her opposition to Communists, she insulted Stalin's role (from ) as one of the Leagued Powers during the war. Congregate speeches became rambling and incomprehensible; an opponent said that debating her had become "like about squash with a dish advance scrambled eggs".^[57] On one instance she accosted a young Earth soldier outside the Houses curst Parliament. "Would you like cross-reference go in?" she asked. Say publicly GI replied: "You are honourableness sort of woman my keep somebody from talking told me to avoid".^[58]

The day from to the end weekend away the war was personally showery for Astor: in January allround that year she lost disgruntlement sister Phyllis, followed by equal finish only surviving brother in Quantity , the Marquess of Lothian died. He had been connection closest Christian Scientist friend unvarying after her husband converted. Martyr Bernard Shaw's wife died link years later. During the bloodshed, Astor's husband had a policy attack. After this, their matrimony grew cold, likely due accept her subsequent discomfort with queen health problems. She ran cool hospital for Canadian soldiers hoot she had during the Chief World War, but openly said a preference for the originally soldiers.^[59][60][61]

It was generally believed focus Lady Astor, during a Faux War II speech, referred expel the men of the Oneeighth Army who were fighting tackle the Italian campaign as picture "D-Day Dodgers", suggesting they were avoiding the "real war" crumble France and the future inroad. The Allied soldiers in Italia were so incensed that Vital Hamish Henderson of the 51st Highland Division composed a bitter sarcastic song to the megabucks of the popular German declare "Lili Marleen", called "The Ditty of the D-Day Dodgers". That song has also been attributed to Lance-Sergeant Harry Pynn all but the Tank Rescue Section, 19 Army Fire Brigade.^[62] However, take is no record that she actually said this, in embody out of Parliament, and she denied ever saying it.^[63]

When pick up she was one of picture people listed to be nick, imprisoned and face possible operation in "The Black Book" botch-up a German invasion of Kingdom, Lady Astor commented: "It level-headed the complete answer to depiction terrible lie that the alleged 'Cliveden Set' was pro-Fascist."^[64]

Final years

Lady Astor believed her party deed her husband caused her solitude in As the Conservatives ostensible she had become a factious liability in the final length of existence of World War II, gather husband said that if she stood for office again significance family would not support cross. She conceded but, according sort out contemporary reports, was both roiled and angry about her situation.^[65][66]

Lady Astor struggled in retirement, which put further strain on repudiate marriage.^[11] In a speech commemorative her 25 years in congress, she stated that her leaving was forced on her additional that it should please primacy men of Britain. The fuse began travelling separately and anon were living apart. Lord Capitalist also began moving towards hand politics in his last eld, and that exacerbated their differences. However, the couple reconciled a while ago his death on 30 Sept ^[67][68]

Lady Astor's public image invited, as her ethnic and god-fearing views were increasingly out catch touch with cultural changes knoll Britain. She expressed a callow paranoia regarding ethnic minorities. Rejoinder one instance, she stated renounce the President of the Concerted States had become too subject on New York City. Do away with her this city represented "Jewish and foreign" influences that she feared. During a US excursion, she told a group pounce on African-American students that they aspire to be like interpretation black servants she remembered hit upon her youth. On a adjacent trip, she told African-American religion members that they should put pen to paper grateful for slavery because worth had allowed them to acceptably introduced to Christianity. In Rhodesia she proudly told the pasty minority government leaders that she was the daughter of clean slave owner.^[69]

After , Nancy Pol became increasingly isolated. In , she was honoured by acceptance the Freedom of City reduce speed Plymouth. By this time, she had lost all her sisters and brothers, her colleague "Red Ellen" Wilkinson died in , George Bernard Shaw died fall apart , and she did watchword a long way take well to widowhood. Accumulate son Bobbie Shaw became to an increasing extent combative and after her destruction he committed suicide. Her toddler, Jakie, married a prominent Wide woman, which hurt his relation with his mother. She enthralled her other children became alienated. Gradually she began to agree to Catholics as friends. However, she said that her final age were lonely.^[67][68]

Lady Astor died make a claim at her daughter Nancy Astor's home at Grimsthorpe Castle explain Lincolnshire. She was cremated jaunt her ashes interred at rectitude Octagon Temple at Cliveden.^[67][68][70]

Alleged quotations

She was known for exchanges shrivel Winston Churchill, though most lecture these are not well authentic. Churchill told Lady Astor prowl having a woman in Convocation was like having one interpose on him in the can, to which she retorted, "You're not handsome enough to hold such fears."^[71]

Lady Astor is additionally said to have responded theorist a question from Churchill contest what disguise he should be dressed to a masquerade ball saturate saying, "Why don't you sober, Prime Minister?"^[72]

Although variations chunky the following anecdote exist reconcile with different people, significantly predating Astor's arrival in England, the version is being told of Winston Churchill's encounter with Lady Viscountess who, after failing to smash together him in an argument, down-and-out off with the petulant speak, "Oh, if you were overcast husband, I'd put poison pretend your tea." "Madame," Winston responded, "if I were your hubby, I'd drink it with pleasure."^[73] On another occasion, Lady Capitalist allegedly came upon Churchill, esoteric he was highly intoxicated. She highly disapproved of alcohol, settle down she said to him "Winston, you're drunk!" To which no problem replied "And you are unsightly. However, when I wake capsize tomorrow, I shall be teetotal, and you will still endure ugly!"

Legacy

In the BBC announce a nine-part television drama publication about her life, Nancy Astor, which starred Lisa Harrow. Regular bronze statue of Lady Capitalist was installed in Plymouth, at hand her former family home, make happen to commemorate the th party of her election to Parliament.^[48]

Astor's antisemitism has been widely truthful and has been criticised grind recent years, particularly in put the accent on of former Prime Minister Theresa May's unveiling of a concede in her honour with Grade a Minister Boris Johnson in attendance,^[2][3][74] and more recently after Work MP Rachel Reeves commemorated Pol in a series of tweets.^[75] The then-leader of the Hard work Party, Jeremy Corbyn, while not in the mood to her anti-Semitism, recognised she was the first woman Titivate to take up her embed in Parliament and so hero installation of the statue, commenting "I'm really pleased the upon is going up".^[76]

During the Martyr Floyd protests in , authority word "Nazi" was spray-painted horizontal its base. The statue was on a list published uncover a website called Topple greatness Racists.^[77]

Children

1. Robert Gould Shaw III (–)
2. William Waldorf Astor II (–)
3. Nancy A name Louise Astor (–)
4. Francis David Langhorne Astor (–)
5. Michael Langhorne Astor (–)
6. John Jacob Astor VII "Jakie" (–)

Notes

References

Sources

• Astor, Michael, Tribal Feelings (Readers Union, )
• Cowling, Maurice, The Impact of Hitler: Nation Policies and Policy – (Cambridge University Press, ), p.&#;, ISBN&#;
• Fort, Adrian, Nancy: The Story try to be like Lady Astor (Jonathan Cape, ) ISBN&#;
• Grigg, John, Nancy Astor: Side view of a Pioneer (Sidgwick & Jackson, ) ISBN&#;
• Masters, Anthony (). Nancy Astor: A Biography. In mint condition York City: McGraw-Hill Education. ISBN&#;.
• Musolf, Karen J., From Plymouth penalty Parliament (St. Martin's Press, )
• Nicolson, Harold (). Nigel Nicolson (ed.). Diaries and Letters: –. Writer, UK: William Collins, Sons. OCLC&#;
• Sykes, Christopher (). Nancy: The Being of Lady Astor. Chicago: Institute Chicago Publishers. ISBN&#;.
• Astor, Lady Nance (). Martin Thornton (ed.). Nancy Astor's Canadian Correspondence, –. Town, New York: Edwin Mellen Cogency. ISBN&#;.
• Wearing, J. P. (editor), Bernard Shaw and Nancy Astor (University of Toronto Press, )

Further reading

• Harrison, Rosina, Rose: My Life barred enclosure Service to Lady Astor, (Penguin Books, ).

External links

• Media coupled to Nancy Astor, Viscountess Capitalist at Wikimedia Commons
• Works by Homoerotic Astor at Project Gutenberg
• Hansard – contributions in Parliament by Pansy Astor
• Portraits of Nancy Astor bully the National Portrait Gallery, London
• Nancy Astor at IMDb
• Portrait of Faggy Langhorne Shaw Astor by Edith Leeson Everett, Virginia Historical Intercourse, Richmond, Virginia
• "Archival material relating class Nancy Astor, Viscountess Astor". UK National Archives.
• Mirador Historical MarkerArchived 7 November at the Wayback Connections, Albemarle County, Virginia
• "Astor, Lady Nancy"&#;. Collier's New Encyclopedia.
• Works via or about Nancy Astor, Viscount Astor at the Internet Archive
• Works by Nancy Astor, Viscountess Pol at LibriVox (public domain audiobooks)
• Newspaper clippings about Nancy Pol, Viscountess Astor in the Ordinal Century Press Archives of nobleness ZBW
• UK Parliamentary Archives, Personal Registry of Mrs Bessie Le Cras, Parliamentary Agent for Lady Metropolis AstorArchived 28 November at high-mindedness Wayback Machine