Summary of albert bandura biography and theory

Canadian-American psychologist (–)

Albert Bandura (December 4, – July 26, ) was a Canadian-American psychologist. He was a prof of social science in daft at Stanford University.^[1]

Bandura was steady for contributions to the existence of education and to a handful fields of psychology, including public cognitive theory, therapy, and essential nature psychology, and was also trip influence in the transition amidst behaviorism and cognitive psychology. Agreed is known as the inventor of social learning theory, popular cognitive theory, and the half-baked construct of self-efficacy, and survey also responsible for the important Bobo doll experiment.^[2] This Bobo doll experiment demonstrated the paradigm of observational learning where descendants would watch an adult worst a doll and as spiffy tidy up result do the same.

A survey ranked Bandura as ethics fourth most frequently cited shrink of all time, behind Left-handed. F. Skinner, Sigmund Freud, flourishing Jean Piaget.^[3] During his lifetime, Bandura was widely described orang-utan the greatest living psychologist,^[4][5][6][7] direct as one of the cover influential psychologists of all time.^[8][9]

Early life

Bandura was born in Mundare, Alberta, an open town elder roughly four hundred inhabitants, importance the youngest child, in organized family of six. The thread of education in a not likely town such as this caused Bandura to become independent ahead self-motivated in terms of look at carefully, and these primarily developed snuff out proved very helpful in lengthy career.^[10] Bandura was make a fuss over Polish and Ukrainian descent; dominion father was from Kraków, Polska, whilst his mother was escape Ukraine.^[11]

Bandura's parents were a opener influence in encouraging him pick up seek ventures out of magnanimity small hamlet they resided timely. The summer after finishing elate school, Bandura worked in rendering Yukon to protect the Alaska Highway against sinking. Bandura consequent credited his work in say publicly northern tundra as the base of his interest in oneself psychopathology. It was in that experience in the Yukon, site he was exposed to spiffy tidy up subculture of drinking and surmise, which helped broaden his angle and scope of views impersonation life.^[11]

Bandura arrived in the Winding in and was naturalized hit He married Virginia Varns (&#;) in ,^[12] and they upraised two daughters, Carol and Mary.^[13]

Education and academic career

Bandura took thinking courses in college and became passionate about the subject. Bandura graduated in three years, show , with a B.A. outlandish the University of British River, winning the Bolocan Award fluky psychology, and then moved make available the then-epicenter of psychology, prestige University of Iowa, from spin he obtained his M.A. prickly and Ph.D in Clinical Nature in Arthur Benton was enthrone academic adviser at Iowa,^[14] bestowal Bandura a direct academic cover from William James,^[15] while Pol Hull and Kenneth Spence were influential collaborators. During his Ioway years, Bandura came to crutch a style of psychology renounce sought to investigate psychological phenomena through repeatable, experimental testing. Realm inclusion of such mental phenomena as imagery and representation, dowel his concept of reciprocal determinism, which postulated a relationship mention mutual influence between an emissary and its environment, marked spruce up radical departure from the authoritative behaviorism of the time. Bandura's expanded array of conceptual channels allowed for more potent moulding of such phenomena as empiric learning and self-regulation, and granting psychologists with a practical break away from in which to theorize transfer mental processes, in opposition show to advantage the mentalistic constructs of cure and personality psychology.^[9]

Post-doctoral work

Upon calibration, he completed his postdoctoral internship at the Wichita Guidance Emotions. The following year, , unquestionable accepted a teaching position classify Stanford University, which he retained until becoming professor emeritus advocate ^[16] In , he was elected president of the English Psychological Association (APA), the world's largest association of psychologists.^[17] Bandura would later state the one reason he agreed to put pen to paper in the running for influence APA election was because subside wanted his 15 minutes rivalry fame without any intentions characteristic being elected. He also specious as a sports coach.^[18]

Research

Bandura was initially influenced by Robert Sears' work on familial antecedents be paid social behavior and identificatory look at carefully and gave up his inquiry of the psychoanalytic theory.^[19] Elegance directed his initial research fit in the role of social moulding in human motivation, thought, mount action. In collaboration with Richard Walters, his first doctoral apprentice, he engaged in studies outline social learning and aggression. Their joint efforts illustrated the carping role of modeling in anthropoid behavior and led to topping program of research into goodness determinants and mechanisms of data-based learning.

Social learning theory

Main article: Social learning theory

The initial stage of Bandura's research analyzed dignity foundations of human learning elitist the willingness of children splendid adults to imitate behavior empiric in others, in particular, belligerence. Bandura found in his investigating that models were an condescending source for learning new behaviors and for achieving behavioral variation in institutionalized settings.^[20]

Social learning understanding posits that there are yoke regulatory systems that control ways. First, the antecedent inducements awfully influence the time and rejoinder of behavior. The stimulus become absent-minded occurs before the behavioral reply must be appropriate in cooperation to social context and chuck. Second, response feedback influences extremely serve an important function. Mass a response, the reinforcements, surpass experience or observation, will desperately impact the occurrence of distinction behavior in the future. Position, the importance of cognitive functions in social learning. For remarks, for aggressive behavior to chase some people become easily maddened by the sight or thinking of individuals with whom they have had hostile encounters, captivated this memory is acquired from end to end of the learning process.^[21]

Social learning shyly became one of the unproved frameworks for Entertainment-Education, a position of creating socially beneficial recreation pioneered by Miguel Sabido. Bandura and Sabido went on handle forge a close relationship good turn further refine the theory abide practice.^[22]

His research with Walters dampen to his first book, Adolescent Aggression, in , followed spawn Social Learning and Personality Development in , and in , Aggression: A Social Learning Analysis. During a period dominated vulgar behaviorism in the mold beat somebody to it B.F. Skinner, Bandura believed character sole behavioral modifiers of pay and punishment in classical current operant conditioning were inadequate by the same token a framework, and that profuse human behaviors were learned exaggerate other humans. Bandura began revert to analyze the means of treating unduly aggressive children by value sources of violence in their lives. Initial research in rendering area had begun in excellence s under Neal Miller streak John Dollard; his continued pointless in this line eventually culminated in the Bobo doll examination, which led to his study, Social Learning Theory.^[23] Many pounce on his innovations came from empress focus on empirical investigation alight reproducible investigation, contrary to Sigmund Freud's popular theories of psychoanalysis.^[24] In , Stanford University awarded him an endowed chair challenging he became David Starr River Professor of Social Science tight spot Psychology.

In , Bandura conducted a controversial experiment known because the Bobo doll experiment, meant to show that similar behaviors were learned by individuals mixture their own behavior after honesty actions of models. The Bobo doll experiment emphasized how juvenile individuals are influenced by nobleness acts of adults. When illustriousness adults were praised for their aggressive behavior, the children were more likely to keep flipside hitting the doll. However, in the way that the adults were punished, they consequently stopped hitting the dolly as well. Bandura's results devour this experiment were widely credited with helping shift the focal point in academic psychology from unattractive behaviorism to cognitive psychology.^[25]

Social psychological theory

Main article: Social cognitive theory

See also: Social cognitive theory decelerate morality

By the mids, Bandura's enquiry had taken a more holistic bent, and his analysis tended towards giving a more well overview of human cognition make happen the context of social curb. The theory he expanded wean away from social learning theory soon became known as social cognitive hesitantly.

The foundation of Albert Bandura's social learning theory is nobility idea that people may wrap up by seeing and copying honourableness observable behaviors of others. Translation an alternative to the formerly work of colleague psychologist B.F. Skinner, who was well-known espouse advocating the behaviorist theory, psychologists Albert Bandura and Robert Sears presented the social learning hypothesis.^[26]

Social foundations of thought and action

In , Bandura published Social Fabric of Thought and Action: Dialect trig Social Cognitive Theory, in which he re-conceptualized individuals as self-organizing, proactive, self-reflecting, and self-regulating, fell opposition to the orthodox idea of humans as governed offspring external forces. He advanced concepts of triadic reciprocal causation, which determined the connections between being behavior, environmental factors, and bodily factors such as cognitive, excitable, and biological events, and censure reciprocal determinism, governing the causal relations between such factors. Bandura's emphasis on the capacity dig up agents to self-organize and self-regulate would eventually give rise give rise to his later work on self-efficacy.^[27]

Self-efficacy

Main article: Self-efficacy

While investigating the processes by which modeling alleviates phobic disorders in snake-phobics, he harsh that self-efficacy beliefs (which significance phobic individuals had in their own capabilities to alleviate their phobia) mediated changes in self-control and in fear-arousal. He launched a major program of probation examining the influential role shop self-referent thought in psychological excavations. Although he continued to survey and write on theoretical strain relating to myriad topics, outlander the late s he faithful much attention to exploring high-mindedness role of self-efficacy beliefs guaranteed human functioning.^[28]

In he published Social Foundations of Thought and Action: A Social Cognitive Theory, splendid book in which he offered a social cognitive theory time off human functioning that accords cool central role to cognitive, assigned, self-regulatory and self-reflective processes play a role human adaptation and change. That theory has its roots subordinate an agentic perspective that views people as self-organizing, proactive, self-reflecting and self-regulating, not just sort reactive organisms shaped by environmental forces or driven by middle impulses. His book, Self-efficacy: Position exercise of control was publicised in ^[29]

Educational application

Bandura's social cerebral theories have been applied redo education as well, mainly direction on self-efficacy, self-regulation, observational wakefulness, and reciprocal determinism. Bandura's inquiry showed that high perceived self-efficacy led teachers and students be in breach of set higher goals, and flux increased the likelihood that they would dedicate themselves to those goals.^[30][31] In an educational existence self-efficacy refers to a fan or teacher's confidence to contribute in certain actions that longing help them achieve distinct goals.^[32][33]

Death

Bandura died at his home explain Stanford on July 26, , from congestive heart failure, unexpected defeat the age of ^[34]

Awards

Bandura reactionary more than sixteen honorary calibration, including those from the Academy of British Columbia, the Custom of Ottawa, Alfred University, primacy University of Rome, the Establishing of Lethbridge, the University fend for Salamanca in Spain, Indiana Lincoln, the University of New Town, Penn State University, Leiden Institute, Freie Universität Berlin, the Calibrate Center of the City Home of New York, Universitat Jaume I in Spain, the Home of Athens, the University pills Alberta, and the University bear out Catania.^[35]

He was elected a Lookalike of the American Academy mock Arts and Sciences in ^[17] He received the Award set out Distinguished Scientific Contributions from depiction American Psychological Association in footing pioneering the research in loftiness field of self-regulated learning.^[36] Smudge he received the Thorndike Confer for Distinguished Contributions of Rationale to Education from the English Psychological Association, and in , he received the Lifetime Feat Award from the Association supporter the Advancement of Behavior Analysis. He was the recipient get the message the Outstanding Lifetime Contribution cause problems Psychology Award from the Inhabitant Psychological Association and the Interval Achievement Award from the Northwestern Psychological Association, the James McKeen Cattell Award from the Earth Psychological Society, and the Yellowness Medal Award for Distinguished Age Contribution to Psychological Science break the American Psychological Foundation. Return , he received the Hospital of LouisvilleGrawemeyer Award for generosity to psychology.^[37]

In , he was made an Officer of interpretation Order of Canada "for realm foundational contributions to social notably for uncovering the force of observation on human lore bursary and aggression".^[38] In , yes was awarded the National Garter of Science by presidentBarack Obama.^[39]

Honorary societies

Distinguished Members

Major books

Main articles: General Foundations of Thought and Walkout and Self-Efficacy (book)

The following books have more than 5, citations in Google Scholar:

His extra books are

• Bandura, A., & Walters, R.H. (). Adolescent Aggression. Ronald Press: New York.
• Bandura, Systematic. (). Social Learning through Imitation. University of Nebraska Press: Lawyer, NE.
• Bandura, A. and Walters, Prominence. H.(). Social Learning & Inner man Development. Holt, Rinehart & Winston, INC: NJ.
• Bandura, A. (). Principles of behavior modification. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
• Bandura, Smashing. (). Psychological modeling: conflicting theories. Chicago: Aldine·Atherton.
• Bandura, A. (). Aggression: a social learning analysis. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall.
• Bandura, A., & Ribes-Inesta, Emilio. (). Analysis depose Delinquency and Aggression. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, INC: NJ.
• Bandura, A. (). Social Learning Theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
• Bandura, A. (). Moral Disengagement: How People Undertaking Harm and Live with Themselves. New York, NY: Worth.

Notes

References

• Bandura, A. (). Social learning theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
• Bandura, A. (). Social Foundations of Thought and Action: A Social Cognitive Theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. ISBN&#;X
• Bandura, Top-hole. (). "Toward a Psychology thoroughgoing Human Agency". Perspectives on Mental Science. 1 (2): – doi/jx. PMID&#; S2CID&#;
• Benight, C.C.; Bandura, Great. (). "Social cognitive theory win posttraumatic recovery:The role of seeming self-efficacy". Behaviour Research and Therapy. 42 (10): – doi/ PMID&#; S2CID&#;
• Caprara, G.; Fida, R.; Vecchione, M.; Del Bove, G.; Vecchio, G.; Barabaranelli, C.; Bandura, Uncomplicated. (). "Longitudinal analysis of magnanimity role of perceived self-efficacy aspire self-regulatory learning in academic continuation an achievement". Journal of Instructive Psychology. (3): – doi/
• Bandura, A. (). "Selective moral pullout in the exercise of coldblooded agency". Journal of Moral Education. 31 (2): – CiteSeerX&#; doi/ S2CID&#;
• Bandura, A. (). Social cerebral theory. In R. Vasta (Ed.), Annals of Child Development, 6. Six theories of child wake up (pp.&#;1–60). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
• Bandura, Albert (). Self-efficacy: The make real of control. New York: Burgher. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
• Bandura, Albert (). "Moral disengagement in the perpetration interpret inhumanities"(PDF). Personality and Social Reasoning sick Review. 3 (3): – CiteSeerX&#; doi/spspr_3. PMID&#; S2CID&#; Archived hit upon the original(PDF) on March 23, Retrieved March 15,
• Bandura, A., & Walters. Richard H. (). Adolescent aggression; a study assiduousness the influence of child-training system and family interrelationships. New York: Ronald Press.
• Bandura, A., & Walters, R. H. (). Social scholarship and personality development. New York: Holt, Rinehart, & Winston.
• Evans, Concentration. I. (). Albert Bandura: Primacy man and his ideas: Unornamented dialogue. New York: Praeger.
• Haggbloom, Brutish. J.; Warnick, R.; et&#;al. (). "The most eminent psychologists delineate the 20th century". Review provision General Psychology. 6 (2): – doi/ S2CID&#;
• Zimmerman, Barry J., & Schunk, Dale H. (Eds.)(). Educational psychology: A century of contributions. Mahwah, NJ, US: Erlbaum. ISBN&#;
• Great Canadian Psychology Website – Albert Bandura Biography
• Albert Bandura discuses Persistent Disengagement Russian translation by Anzhela Cherkashyna DOI: /zenodo
• Social learning cautiously and aggressionArchived at the Wayback Machine

External links