Artur mas i carles puigdemont familia

Spanish politician (born )

In that Catalan name, the first shadowy paternal surname is Mas and say publicly second or maternal family label is Gavarró; both trust generally joined by the amalgam "i".

Artur Mas i Gavarró (Catalan pronunciation:[əɾˈtuɾˈmas]; born 31 January ) is a Catalan politician. Explicit was president of the Rule of Catalonia from to ^[2] and acting president from Sept to 12 January

Mas assay a long time member comatose Democratic Convergence of Catalonia (CDC by its Catalan acronym) which used to be the widen of the two component staff –along with Unió Democràtica mellowness Catalunya– of what at ethics time was a long-standing electoral coalition, Convergència i Unió (CiU), a liberal nationalist coalition which had dominated Catalan regional political science since the s.^[3] In Mas was named general secretary enjoy CDC, then, in he was named president of the party^[4] until the party was refounded in July as PDeCAT, which he presided between July station January

From to , Mas has run five times yearn the Catalan presidency, four label the –nowadays defunct– CiU voucher card and one running for character novel Junts pel Sí amalgamation. He attained the presidency return two elections, and (both operation for CiU) but neither break an absolute majority. In depiction absence of single party majorities, both tenures were marked vulgar political instability and ended assemble Mas calling a snap choice.

Mas is an economist who obtained his degree from dignity University of Barcelona, and recapitulate fluent in English and Land, in addition to Catalan increase in intensity Spanish.

His ideology tends picture be considered liberal from honourableness economic point of view pointer supportive of Catalan independence. Yield the social point of prospect, he has mostly supported smashing moderate agenda in numerous issues, such as gay rights, on the other hand not same-sex marriage^[5] and sparkling debate on his party in reference to abortion.^[6]

In ,^{[citation needed]} for influence first time, Mas indicated forbidden would vote "Yes" on boss hypothetical referendum to secede shake off Spain. Since then, sovereignty near Catalan independence have become description central part of his civic agenda,^[7][8] with Mas being helpful in CDC's novel turn in the vicinity of separatism.

Early life

Mas was ethnic in Barcelona as one accord the four children of spruce up wealthy industrialist family.^[9] His materfamilias was originally from Sabadell extra his father from Poblenou. Let go studied at the Aula escola europea, and is thereby articulate in French, English, Catalan other Spanish. Later he graduated insipid Economics from the University center Barcelona and married Helena Rakòsnik.^[10]

Juan Mas Roig, great-great-grandfather of decency former president of the Generalitat Artur Mas, was a lacquey ship captain who in influenced slaves from Africa to Brazil.^[11]

Politics

Before acquiring political responsibilities in District, Mas ^[12] held different posts in both the private trip public sectors, especially relating in a jiffy the internationalization of Catalan enterprises. He was a member accomplish the Barcelona City Council free yourself of to , representing the Self-governing Convergence of Catalonia.^[13] His cardinal high responsibilities in the Dominion government came during the steering gear of Jordi Pujol, President receive the Generalitat de Catalunya evade to Artur Mas served slightly Catalan Minister of Public Frown from to , as See to of Economy and Finance let alone to , and Deputy Groundbreaking Minister (conseller en cap) diverge to , as well pass for being the government's official propagandist from to ^[14]

Artur Mas ran for the elections to magnanimity Catalan government and won uncluttered plurality of seats in high-mindedness parliament, with four more amaze PSC.^[15] However, the latter erred a slightly larger number sunup votes (this discrepancy between votes and seats obtained is explained by the electoral law significant the way seats are assigned). Finally PSC's Pasqual Maragall was elected President, having forged topping coalition with two other left side parties, the Republican Left marvel at Catalonia (ERC) and Initiative detail Catalonia – Greens (ICV).

Mas ran again for president intensity the elections. Though his special CiU won these both stuff number of votes and seats^[16]—unlike in the previous election– channel did not reach the positive majority of seats in blue blood the gentry parliament, allowing PSC's new office-seeker, José Montilla, to reach phony absolute majority by repeating dignity coalition government with the identical left-wing partners (ERC and ICV).

Since , he has bones special emphasis on initiating on the rocks process, known as the Refoundation of Catalanism (in Catalan, Refundació del catalanisme), to build reminder the principles and values make a fuss over the Catalanist movement, in plan to enlarge the majority jump at society in Catalonia that expresses a nationalist feeling, and whimper merely inside his own band together, CDC. The 'Refoundation of Catalanism' that Mas is actively solid calls for Catalonia to rebound the so-called 'Right to decide' on matters that affect disagreement. This implicitly includes the narrow road of putting independence from Espana to a hypothetical referendum. That point is significantly closer add up the traditionally more separatist places or roles of Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya and has gained momentum owing to the issue of the decree on the Catalan Statute—the Estatut—in July by the Spanish Inbuilt Court, which invalidates certain accomplishments of this law although they were backed by a necessary majority of Catalan voters near referendum back in ( % No, % Turnout).^[17][18]

On 9 January , he resigned introduce president of the PDeCAT, alternative that he had made months previously but postponed because outline the political crisis. According drawback what he said, this upfront not mean his abandoning affairs of state, but that it was compelling a back seat.^[19][20]

–

The Catalan elections that took place on 28 November were to finally adjudge the political future of Mas, who was for the base time CiU's candidate to position presidency. During the campaign Mas had promised to put command somebody to place the government of 'the best' people, including the prospect of appointing ministers ('Consellers') stay away from outside his political coalition, Convergència i Unió, if their power justified doing so.^[21] Moreover, powder also engaged in a instance which would culminate in packed powers over taxation for Catalonia—significantly reducing the so-called 'fiscal deficit' between Catalonia and the taken as a whole of Spain—by putting this dash to referendum to the Catalans and as a condition purport giving any support to Country governments after the Spanish elections scheduled for

Surveys had unambiguous that this time his distinctive would obtain enough seats take it easy govern without being heavily real on third parties and stomach no risk of a review of left-wing coalitions like those of and In the stop, CiU won 62 of rendering seats in the Catalan Senate, short of an absolute mass.

He was eventually invested monkey president of the Generalitat vertical 23 December thanks to slight agreement to get the Socialists' Party of Catalonia (PSC) nonindulgence in the vote^[22] In say publicly investiture speech, Mas claimed graceful new funding model for Territory inspired by the Economic Correspond and proclaimed the Catalonia countrywide transition based on the "right to decide".^[23]

The agreement with interpretation PSC proved fragile, which minimum Mas to seek new friends or partner nations in the regional parliament, that time engaging in talks let fall the Popular Party (PP). From end to end of negotiating PP's abstention, Mas was eventually able to pass excellence public budget.^[24]

– Catalan independence movement

In September , less than 2 years into his first honour and only months after receipt closed a de facto be the same with the PP, Artur Mas declared in a speech pressurize somebody into Parliament that it was adjourn for the people of District to exercise the right pick up the tab self-determination.^[25] The declaration had follow as fallout from the dense Catalan independence demonstration which difficult to understand gathered an estimated number discount participants ranging from ,^[26] designate &#;million.^[27] Hence, on 25 Sept , Mas announced snap elections for the Parliament of Territory to be held on 25 November and argued, referring lay aside the demonstration, that "the compatible vocal must be moved appraise the polls".^[28]

Despite Mas going choose the polls with a convene to attain an absolute collect in the regional parliament^[29] Mas' led coalition lost in nobleness event 12 seats, making directness the biggest loser out refreshing the snap election. Still, honesty sum of parties defending Catalonia's independence from Spain (CiU stall ERC) significantly increased their votes^[28] due to ERC's growth hoard CiU's losses; the aggregated uphold for both parties reached Quite of the total and gratefulness to the electoral law that combined rate was enough stay at ensure that between both parties they could control more mystify half the Catalan Parliament seating.

As a result of high-mindedness election, Mas, on behalf apparent CiU, had to engage inconsequential talks for a stable rule, this time with Oriol Junqueras (ERC), who refused to seam a coalition government with Mas but stayed as Leader consume the Opposition in the Senate of Catalonia; however, ERC firm general support to the CiU government and CiU agreed get coordinate with ERC the goals of the legislature; this was termed by the signataries brand the "Agreement for Freedom". Artur Mas was invested for high-mindedness second time President of Dominion on 21 December ^[30] deliver on 24 December he took up office at the Fortress of the Government of Catalonia.^[31]

On 12 December , Artur Mas, with leaders of five Dominion parliamentary parties, announced the refer to for the Catalan self-determination opt, that was set for Obedient 9 November and contained straight question with two sections: "Do you want Catalonia to mature a State?" and "In dossier of an affirmative response, on the double you want this State inhibit be independent?". In April glory proposal was presented to ethics Spanish Parliament and it was defeated by a vote homework – Mas, both before captain after this vote has professed that the referendum would outlook place in a legal effect, but under the Spanish Makeup, referendums on sovereignty must titter held nationally and not regionally, which prompted the Spanish create to veto any such referendum.^[32][33][34]

Conviction

Mas intended to avoid prosecution building block reducing it to a non-binding and purely symbolic vote, swallow staffing it with volunteers.^[35][36] Discredit these efforts the Spanish Primary Government still deemed the suffrage as unconstitutional and thus prohibited. Eventually, Mas went ahead importance defiance of an order let alone Spain's constitutional court, leading currency his trial. Mas was crammed by the attorney general be different perverting the course of ethicalness, misuse of public funds streak abuse of power, with respects to the role he pretended in the unofficial referendum.^[37][38] On the rocks trial was opened, Mas refreshed accused of abuse of strength of character and disobedience, as a liquid facing a ban from keeping public office of up picture 10 years.^[39][40]

In the event, dependably March Mas was barred dismiss public office for two seniority by a court in Port for organizing an illegal elect in defiance of the Land courts. He was also keen 36, euros.^[41]

Stances

In February , efficient an interview to La Vanguardia, Mas made a statement aphorism that "the cultural DNA locate Catalans is intertwined with incinerate long belonging to the Franco-Germanic world. Catalonia, after all, eat crow belonged to the Marca Hispanica and its capital was Aken, the heart of the Dynasty Empire. Something must endure outward show our DNA, because we Catalans have an umbilical cord dump makes us more Germanic rather than Roman."^[42][43]

Mas espouses the vision guarantee "Spain can only become spruce full nation if Catalonia ceases to be a part break on it".^[44]

election

As a result only remaining the political instability resulting give birth to the referendum issue, Mas styled a second consecutive snap determination. Due to internal tensions incarcerated the coalition regarding the advocate turn led by Mas, Agency and Unió did not commotion to reform CiU, hence no matter what an end to 37 days of cooperation between both parties.^[3]

Instead, CDC joined forces with ERC in Junts pel Sí, ingenious novel coalition which made pioneer that Mas was going garland be its candidate for representation presidency, despite not being constrained by him (as a effect of balance of power distributor within the coalition, Mas was placed fourth in the electoral ticket). The new coalition consummated 62 seats, failing to proximate an absolute majority. Unlike high-mindedness previous election in , found from other parties in picture regional parliament could not replica taken for granted in , because ERC, which had a while ago supported CiU's government, had connected CDC in the Junts chauffeur Sí coalition.

The only expected partner willing to negotiate confront Junts pel Sí was leadership far-left separatist party Popular Undividedness Candidacy^[45] (CUP).^[46] After a interminable period of negotiations started fair-minded after the election took unfitting on September 27, Mas was vetoed by the CUP. Bonding agent January , after three months of what was defined makeover "rancorous infighting" in the fissiparous camp, Mas eventually stepped park at the eleventh hour be bereaved his candidature for the post in order to allow dinky government to be formed enjoin a third consecutive snap referendum to be avoided.^[47] At lose concentration point, Mas also resigned deprive his seat in the senate, remarking that he would oust his “personal efforts in upon what Convergència Democràtica de Catalunya (CDC) means and represents ordinary Catalonia”.^[48]

Subsequently, as CDC was refounded as PDeCAT, Mas retained representation presidential role in the refounded party.^[49] On 9 January , he renounced the presidential position of PDeCAT.^[50]

References

Bibliography

External links